As 2024 unfolded, institutional allocators faced an environment marked
by economic uncertainty, geopolitical tensions, and shifting investment
paradigms. Our survey of 116 allocators from Public Pension Funds, Endowments,
Foundations, and Corporate Pension Funds sheds light on how institutional
investors are adapting to these challenges. The following key insights reflect
a year of resilience, opportunity, and strategic evolution.

Credit Markets: Clear Favorites

Throughout 2024, credit markets were a focal point for allocators
seeking yield in a persistently low-return environment. Direct lending and
distressed debt emerged as clear favorites, offering opportunities to
capitalize on dislocations in the market. This preference highlights the
increasing appeal of private credit, where allocators can exercise more control
over structuring and terms, often gaining a yield premium for taking on
complexity.

Mezzanine financing and special situations remain prominent, offering
a balanced approach for investors seeking to manage both risk and return.
Meanwhile, the rising interest in niche strategies such as trade finance and
asset-based lending reflects an increasing willingness to venture beyond
traditional credit frameworks in pursuit of alpha. These trends signify a
broader evolution in mindset—allocators are moving beyond conventional
return-driven strategies toward more creative and structured opportunities that
align with their long-term objectives. At the same time, real estate debt and
infrastructure financing continue to hold strong appeal, serving as
cornerstones of stability and income generation. Together, these shifts
underscore a strategic pivot toward diversified credit approaches,
demonstrating how innovation and adaptability are being used to build
portfolios capable of withstanding economic volatility while seizing
distinctive growth opportunities.

Macro-Outlook

Inflation and fiscal policy shifts dominated allocator conversations
in 2024, with most respondents favoring steady, incremental adjustments to
their asset allocation strategies. Notably, while 81% of allocators maintained
a balanced, diversified approach, a growing minority turned to
inflation-protected securities and commodities as hedges against rising costs.

This measured approach underscores the broader challenge for
institutions on how to respond decisively to macroeconomic trends without
overreacting to short-term volatility. The rise in allocations to sectors
aligned with fiscal spending—such as infrastructure and renewable
energy—suggests a forward-thinking strategy, but it also raises questions about
timing. Are allocators moving quickly enough to capture these opportunities, or
are they being held back by institutional inertia?

The emphasis on incrementalism also reflects a broader tension within
institutional investing—balancing agility with the long-term perspective that
defines these portfolios. In a year marked by rapidly changing conditions, this
balance has been critical.

Emerging Markets

Emerging markets presented a complex picture throughout 2024, with
allocators nearly evenly split in their sentiments. While some adopted a more
cautious stance in response to geopolitical risks and heightened volatility,
others remained optimistic about long-term growth opportunities in select
regions, driven by favorable demographics and economic trends.

What’s striking is the increasing sophistication of risk management
frameworks being applied to emerging market investments. Allocators are no
longer approaching these markets as a homogenous block; instead, they are
selectively targeting regions and sectors that align with broader themes such
as urbanization, technological advancement, and demographic shifts. This
cautious optimism reflects a nuanced understanding of both the opportunities
and risks inherent in these markets. While some allocators are more
conservative, focusing heavily on mitigating geopolitical and economic
volatility, others are positioning themselves to capture long-term growth
potential. How institutions balance these factors will play a critical role in
their ability to unlock value and navigate the complexities of emerging
markets.

Safe Havens

The role of safe-haven assets evolved significantly in 2024, with U.S.
Treasuries and the U.S. dollar taking precedence over gold for their liquidity
and stability. While gold remains a complementary asset for diversifying
portfolios, its historical appeal appears less critical in an environment where
institutions are prioritizing more fungible assets that can be quickly deployed
during periods of volatility.

This shift highlights a broader recalibration of risk management
strategies. Allocators are increasingly valuing flexibility, recognizing that
the ability to respond quickly to market dislocations can be as valuable as
traditional hedges. This preference also raises questions about whether
institutions are adequately preparing for the potential reemergence of gold as
a critical safe haven in scenarios where global liquidity becomes constrained.

ESG Integration and AI

Integrating ESG into investment strategies remained a challenge in
2024, with allocators citing data inconsistency and limited investment options
as primary obstacles. However, the pursuit of innovative ESG-aligned
opportunities is reshaping institutional approaches. Allocators are
increasingly recognizing that ESG is not just about risk mitigation—it’s about
uncovering new avenues for value creation. This shift highlights the need for
institutions to carefully balance the higher costs of ESG implementation with
their fiduciary responsibility to deliver strong returns, ensuring that
sustainability and financial performance align effectively.

Meanwhile, the integration of AI and big data into investment
processes remains limited for allocators. Most institutions report using these
technologies as complementary tools rather than as central drivers of
decision-making. This cautious adoption reflects broader hesitations about the
reliability and scalability of AI within complex institutional frameworks.
However, as machine learning continues to gain traction in areas such as risk
management, its growing role suggests that these tools are gradually becoming
an essential component of competitive investment strategies. Institutions will
need to adapt to this shift to remain at the forefront for years to come.

Real Estate

The shifting rate environment throughout 2024 drove a reevaluation of real estate strategies. Allocators increasingly emphasized liquidity management, balancing new acquisitions with refinancing to free up capital for future opportunities. Securing long-term financing at favorable terms became a priority, reflecting a strategic effort to mitigate future rate volatility.

What stands out is the growing alignment between real estate strategies and broader portfolio goals. By emphasizing capital deployment efficiency and expanding networks with lenders, allocators are positioning themselves to act quickly when attractive opportunities arise. While these strategies demonstrate agility and preparedness, ensuring sufficient diversification across real estate sectors will remain critical to mitigating risks and capturing long-term value amid evolving market dynamics.